今天为大家带来了这篇演讲来自于知名社会心理学家Amy Cuddy的《肢体语言塑造你自己》。
虽然演讲很大程度上都是口语化的表达,但是当涉及到具体的专业及领域的时候,还是会有很多的词汇你没有办法全部了解!接着还有句子的问题,演讲者在准备稿件的时候还是会用很多书面长难句表达自己的核心观念!所以如果无法理解这些长难句,也就很难理解全文以及演讲者想要表达的思想和观点!
今天就《肢体语言塑造你自己》演讲中出现的生词,托福雅思必考词汇,长难句以及生僻段落进行详细剖析+讲解!
重点词汇解析:(英文+词性+文中中文释义)
四会词汇:
1. life hack 生活技巧
注解:life hack最初含义是指电脑黑客们使用的一些非常巧妙高效的“黑客技巧”。现在life hack被引申为指各种能提高个人办事效率的方法和技巧,而不仅限于黑客的领域,可以使用在生活的方方面面。
2. posture n. 〔坐、立的〕姿势,姿态
3. hunch v. 弓身,弓背
4. cross legs 跷二郎腿
5. wrap ankles 抱住脚踝
6. hold onto arms 双手抱臂
7. spread out 伸展开身体
8. tweak n. 对〔机器、汽车或系统〕作小小的改进
注解:文中是指对姿势做一些调整改进
9. unfold v. (使)逐渐展现,展示
补充例句:We'll have more news as events unfold..
10. contemptuous adj. 轻蔑的,鄙视的; 傲慢不恭的
11. gubernatorial adj. 州长的,州长职位的
12. emoticon n. 情感符号, 表情符号 (如 :-) 表示笑脸)
13. stretch out 伸开,伸展(肢体)
14. primate 灵长目动物
15. chronically adv. 长期地
16. congenitally adv. 〔病症等〕先天的
17. finish line终点线
18. wrap v. 〔用手臂、腿或手指〕围住〔某物〕
注解:文中wrap ourselves up 表示用手臂围住自己,蜷缩的样子
19. bump into sb (无意地)碰,撞
注解:bump into sb 还有偶然遇见某人的意思,但是在文中We don't want to bump into the person next to us. 表示的意思是不希望肢体不小心碰到邻座。
20. complement v. 补充,补足,互补
注解:文中说的complement the other's nonverbal 表示body language是相反的,如若对方是强势的姿势,那么己方便会呈现弱势的姿势。
21. laid back adj. 闲散的
22. dub v. 把…称为,给…起绰号
23. spit v. 吐唾沫
24. vial v. 〔装药、香水等的〕小瓶
25. saliva n. 唾液
26. prime sb with sth 事先指点;使(某人)做好准备
补充例句:They had been primed with good advice.
27. whopping adj. 极大的,异常大的
28. baseline n. 〔尤指医学或科学中的〕基线,准线
29. heckle v. (对演说者)责问,诘问
30. quicksand n. 难以摆脱的困境,危险局面
31. spike n. 激增
32. imposter n. 骗子,冒名顶替者
33. rehab n. 康复,恢复 [全写为 rehabilitation]
34. traumatic adj. 〔经历〕痛苦难忘的,造成精神创伤的
35. take a gamble on 打赌
认知词汇:
1. testosterone n. 睾酮,睾丸素
2. cortisol n. [生化] 皮质醇;考的索
重点句子赏析:(英文+翻译+语法/特殊用法等角度分析)
Even more dramatic, Alex Todorov at Princeton has shown us that judgments of political candidates' faces in just one second predict 70 percent of U.S. Senate and gubernatorial race outcomes, and even, let's go digital, emoticons used well in online negotiations can lead to you claim more value from that negotiation.
翻译:更为戏剧化的是,普林斯顿的Alex Todoroy给我们指出在一秒钟的时间里对政治候选人脸部的评判,能预测出70%的美国参议院和州长竞选结果;甚至在网上谈判时,若表情符号使用得好,能帮助你在谈判中获得更多的价值。
分析:句子开头处的“Even more dramatic”的比较级,是相对于前文中所提到的通过旁人观察医生友好程度来判断医生会不会被投诉的情况。主句的谓语动词是have shown…that带起宾语从句,宾语从句中有两个并列的从句,中间用and even来连接,表示并列递进的关系。
其中前半部分中,主语是judgments of political candidates’ faces in just one second,谓语是predict,宾语是U.S. Senate and gubernatorial race outcomes,Senate是参议院,美国分参众两院,众议院叫the House of Representatives,gubernatorial表示州长的,与州长职务相关的,gubernatorial跟governor联系。
而后半部分中,and even在逻辑上并列递进,双逗号中的let’s go digital是插入语,表明后半部分要说关于网上的事儿,主语emoticons是表情符号,特别是在邮件中或者网络聊天中会用到的表情符号如:-) 表示笑脸,emoticons后面的used well是分词后置做定语修饰emoticons,表示使用得好/合适的表情符号。
再后面的 in online negotiations是补语,谓语动词是can lead to,当然这里更加正式的语法应该为can lead you to claim…(估计是口误),claim value from the negotiation从谈判中获得更多价值。
Physiologically, there also are differences on two key hormones: testosterone, which is the dominance hormone, and cortisol, which is the stress hormone.
翻译:从生理上,对两种关键的荷尔蒙的影响也有差异之处:睾丸素,是支配控制激素,可的松,是压力激素。
分析:开头的Physiologically告诉我们这句话主要讨论的是生理方面的信息,also是由于前文中说到powerful people和powerless people之间的心理有很多的differences,然后这句话就主要讲生理上也有differences(后文中说到high testosterone, low cortisol,这就是bodies对于两种激素的影响上的差异 )。
冒号后面是介绍了two key hormones分别是什么,中间用and并列,两种激素后面都用which带起定语从句来做解释。
So I really struggled with this, and I have to say, having your identity taken from you, your core identity, and for me it was being smart, having that taken from you, there's nothing that leaves you feeling more powerless than that.
翻译:所以我确实有过一番挣扎,我必须说,当你的身份特征被剥夺,你的核心身份特征,对我而言是我以前高智商,如果这被剥夺了,那么没有什么比这更让你感觉无力了。
分析:开头的this是前面演讲者讲的自己的故事,小时候被人认为是很有天赋的小孩,但是后来一场车祸导致智力下降,然后一些旁人说她没法完成大学学业,这个经历让她十分挣扎。
Having your identity taken away from you…这里可以看成是非谓语部分,后面的部分也都在解释对于她自己来说高智商的身份特征被剥夺了,主句是there’s nothing than that,nothing后面跟that带起的定语从句。没什么比这更让你感觉无力,换句话说就是这个事情让你感觉最无力。
Configure your brain to cope the best in that situation. Get your testosterone up. Get your cortisol down. Don't leave that situation feeling like, oh, I didn't show them who I am. Leave that situation feeling like, oh, I really feel like I got to say who I am and show who I am.
翻译:调整你的大脑最好地应对这种情况。让你的睾丸素上升,让你的可的松下降。不要让这种情况结果变成感觉自己没有表现出真实的自己,而是应该让这种情况结果变成我确实应该说我是我自己,我也表现出了真实的自己。
分析:这些祈使句节奏明快。开头的configure本义表示对计算机设备进行配置,或对或软件进行设定,在这里的意思是调整你的大脑。in that situation是前面句中提到的the next stressful evaluative situation。
结构分析:
Theme 1:Our nonverbals govern how we think and feel about ourselves as well as how other people think and feel about us.
Theme 2:Our minds change our bodies, but it is also true that our bodies change our minds.
Theme 3:Power posing for a few minutes really can change our life in meaningful ways, such as the outcomes of stressful evaluation situations. So we can fake it and become it until we make it.
巩固提问:
1. What are the nonverbal expressions when we feel powerful and powerless?
2. What do the minds of powerful versus the powerless look like?
3. How are the two key hormones like for powerful and effective leaders?
4. Why does the author mention “social quicksand”?
参考答案:
1. When we feel powerful, we stretch out and take up space and open up. When we feel powerless, we do exactly the opposite. We close up and wrap ourselves up, making ourselves small.
2. Powerful people tend to be more assertive, more confident and more optimistic. They actually feel that they’re going to win even at games of chance. They also tend to be able to think more abstractly. They take more risks.
3. Powerful and effective leaders have high testosterones, which make them powerful, assertive as well as dominant, and low cortisol, which make them not very stress reactive.
4. The social quicksand is highly stressful evaluative situation where your cortisol spikes. That’s the point when only your true selves matter. The author mentions the social quicksand in order to show that power posing for a few minutes can lower your cortisol and really change your life in meaningful ways such as the outcomes of the job interview.