雅思阅读如何从长难句中提取五种基本句型结构？

 　　今天，我们主要从句型特点、例句讲解两个方面给同学们说下如何从雅思阅读中的长难句中提取出五种基本句型结构，也就是主干信息的方法。

　　一、主语+谓语（S+V）

　　这类句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语都能表达完整的意思。

　　谓语动词是不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

　　例如：

　　An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration （FAA） to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested. （剑8 Test 1Passage 2 ）

　　句子结构分析：

　　这句话的主干是An accident resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration （FAA）。

　　主谓结构式An accident resulted，后面跟得是介词短语。

　　That引导定语从句修饰An accident，to regulate and oversee…表示目的，which引导非限制性定语从句修饰the operation of aircraft。

　　二、主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+DO）

　　这类句子的谓语都是实意动词，也都是及物动词，表示主语发生的动作，但是，后面必须跟一个宾语，也就是动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。

　　例如：

　　They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.

　　（剑8 Test 1Passage 1 ）

　　句子结构分析：

　　这句话的主语是They，谓语是based，宾语是their calendars，后面是on引导的介词短语。

　　冒号后面的三个并列结构：the solar day, the lunar month and the solar year，是对three natural cycles的解释说明。

　　that引导定语从句修饰changing seasons changing seasons。

　　三、主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）

　　这类句型的谓语部分是连系动词，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语才能表达完整的意思。

　　常见的系动词有两类：一类表情况——be，look，smell，taste，sound等；一类表变化——get，grow，become，turn，go等。

　　例如：

　　The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels （which had been around for at least 1,300 years） that transferred the power; it was the part called the escapement. （剑8 Test 1Passage 1 ）

　　句子结构分析：

　　这句话的主干是主系表结构，不过有两个并列的表语。

　　主语是The revolutionary aspect，系动词是was，表语是neither the descending weight nor the gear wheels。

　　第一个that引导定语从句修饰weight，括号里的句子做插入语，是对gear wheels的补充说明，that引导定语从句修饰gear wheels，分号后面是一个简单的句子。

　　四、主语+谓语+间宾+直宾（S+V+IO+DO）

　　这类动词后面必须跟两个宾语，才能表达完整的意思。

　　一个是动作的直接承受者，为直接宾语，另一个是动作的间接承受者，为间接宾语。

　　例如：

　　We may, at best, give them some precision by defining them and placing them in a context but, whatever we do, we should never delude ourselves into believing that gifted children or geniuses are different from the rest of humanity, save in the degree to which they have developed the performance of their abilities. （剑8 Test 3 Passage 2）

　　句子结构分析：

　　这句话的主语是We，谓语动词是may give，直接宾语是some precision， 间接宾语是them。

　　at best、whatever we do做插入语， 这句话的主干是We may give them some precision…but we should never delude ourselves into believing that…save in the degree to which…。

　　That引导宾语从句，save做连词，表示除了，which引导宾语从句。

　　五、主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（S+V+DO+OC）

　　这类句型的谓语都是及物动词，但是,只有宾语不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个宾语补足语来补充说明整句话的意思。

　　例如：

　　Reports of telepathic experiences had by people during meditation led parapsychologists to suspect that telepathy might involve 'signals' passing between people that were so faint that they were usually swamped by normal brain activity. （剑8 Test 1 Passage3 ）

　　句子结构分析：

　　这句话的主语是Reports，谓语是had led，宾语是parapsychologists，宾补是to suspect。

　　by people during meditation表示在某种实验环境下，修饰experiences。

　　第一个that引导宾语从句，第二个that引导定语从句修饰'signals'，第三个so faint that…如此以至于表示结果状语从句。